How To Draw People - How To Use Proportions When Drawing People

Before you can draw a human figure with clothing, muscles, shading, etc., it is necessary to understand the basic proportions of the human figure. Proportions on a figure are simply how long the major anatomical parts of the body are, in relation to each other.

Lets examine the proportions of a healthy male human figure. Proportions change based on body type, age, sex and activity level. Our example healthy male figure will be seven heads tall. As a foundation, lets start with these lengths that are all the same. Each of them are two heads long.

1. From the middle of the kneecap to the bottom of the foot

2. The head of the femur to the kneecap

3. The elbow to the tips of the extended fingers

4. From the collarbone to just below the belly button

5. The width of the chest from shoulder to shoulder.

Tip #1 - The width of the hips is the same as the distance from the crotch to the knee.

Tip #2 - The length of the arm from the pit to the tip of the extended fingers is the same as from the base of the neck to the bottom of the buttocks.

Tip #3 - The arms should hang with extended fingers, to the middle of the thigh.

Tip #4 - The elbow should rest parallel with the bottom of the rib cage.

Tip #5 - The size of the foot should fit in between the base of the palm and the pit of the forearm.

Tip #6 - The hand from the base of the palm, to the tip of the fingers should fit on the face, from hairline to chin.

These proportions are critical to learn if you want your figures to look convincing. The reason this is essential is that you cannot place a bone or muscle group on a figure and have it be the wrong length without making your drawing stand out because it will look off.

Adam Reeder is a professional artist who is currently working on a masters degree at The San Francisco Academy of Art University. Visit his website at http://www.adamreeder.com

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What is Organic Dog Food?

Since the dog food recalls of 2007, most dog owners have become very aware of the need to study the dog food labels more stringently. Many have switched to making their own dog food, with many more switching to organic dog food. But what is it? How is it classified? In this article, I will explain what organic food for dogs is all about and the different guidelines necessary to be labeled that way.

National standards for organic dog food were set forth by the United States Department of Agriculture in 2002. Not only do the stringent guidelines apply to dog food, but also any food that wants to be labeled organic. In the paragraphs below I describe these guidelines.

Organic dog food is produced without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers or sewage sludge. It also has no GMO grains or irradiation. Dog food and the ingredients used are produced by farmers committed to the use of renewable and the conservation of soil and water for a better environment now and for the future.

The farms that produce the ingredients for this type of dog food must be free of all contaminants for a minimum of three years before they can be classified as an organic farm. As far as meats, poultry and dairy products are concerned, they must come from animals that are given no antibiotics or growth hormones and are fed organic, pesticide free grains.

Before an organic dog food can be classified as such, a USDA approved certifying agency must inspect the farms where the food is grown or raised in order to make sure each are adhering to all the rules necessary to meet USDA organic standards. Even the companies that process the dog foods must also be USDA certified.

Organic Dog Food provides detailed information on adult dog food, puppy food and more.

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